Variation of Band Gap in Graphene Grown by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition_ Crimson Publishers

Variation of Band Gap in Graphene Grown by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition by Heetae Kim* in Annals of Chemical Science Research_ Journal of Advanced Chemical Sciences

 

Abstract
We report the transport behavior of graphene grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The graphene films were grown at 950 °C for 5, 10, 30 and 60min, respectively. Raman spectra showed that the synthesized films are bilayer with strong defect peaks. The temperature dependent conductivity of graphene films showed the band gap modulation with increasing growth times. Thermally activated (TA) conduction model showed that the values of band gap of graphene films are 95, 73, 48 and 36meV for 5, 10, 30 and 60min growth times, respectively

https://crimsonpublishers.com/acsr/fulltext/ACSR.000529.php

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Skin and Wound Complications after Calcaneal Fracture Fixation_ Crimson Publishers

 Skin and Wound Complications after Calcaneal Fracture Fixation by Ahmed Khedr* in Orthoplastic Surgery & Orthopedic Care International Journal_ Orthopedic Care International Journal

 

Abstract
Soft tissue complications are one of the most feared complications after a fracture of the calcaneus and its operative treatment. The incidence of wound complications vary in literature is up to 32%. The better understanding of the blood supply of the lateral aspect to the hind foot and together with the development of minimally invasive and percutaneous techniques helped to reduce such complications. While the literature discussed several patient related factors and surgery related factors that can contribute to skin and soft tissue complications, drawing a definitive conclusion about the importance of each of these factors is still difficult. Prevention of wound complications requires some experience from the surgeon to assess the different risk factors. In many cases, wound dehiscence can be managed by dressings but when infection is suspected, serial debridement with culture specific antibiotics are needed

https://crimsonpublishers.com/ooij/fulltext/OOIJ.000528.php

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Sex Differences in Histomorphology of the Human Carotid Body_ Crimson Publishers

 Sex Differences in Histomorphology of the Human Carotid Body by Johnstone M Muthoka* in Open Access Research in Anatomy_ Journal of Anatomy

 

Abstract

Knowledge of sex differences in the histomorphology of the carotid body is important in understanding observed differences in respiratory function and disorders. There are few studies on sex differences in the carotid body. This study therefore aimed at describing these differences in the histomorphology features of the human carotid body. Thirty six random carotid bodies from cardiovascular disease free individuals (20 male, 16 female) obtained during autopsy at the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi were studied. Specimens obtained within 48 hours of death were fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and processed routinely for paraffin embedding. Seven micron thick serial sections were stained with H&E, Mason’s trichrome and examined with light microscope. Stereology was done to determine area occupied by parenchyma, stroma and vasculature. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 13.0. The student’s t test was used to compare sex differences. The data are represented using tables and macrographs.

The human carotid body is highly cellular with two varieties of cells namely; chief and sustentacular. It is heavily vascularised and densely innervated. Females showed higher concentration of chief cells, more profuse vascularization and denser innervation when compared with their aged matched male counterparts. The aging changes characterized by fibrosis, cellular degeneration vascular and neural attenuation are less severe in females. Sex histomorphological differences in the human carotid body characterized by higher population of chief cells, density of vascularity, innervation and blunted age related morphological attenuation underpin differences in its function and disease

https://crimsonpublishers.com/oara/fulltext/OARA.000531.php

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The Molecular Approach behind Biotechnological Common Problems_ Crimson Publishers

 The Molecular Approach behind Biotechnological Common Problems by Jorge A De los Santos* in Journal of Biotechnology & Bioresearch _ Journal of Biotechnology

 

Abstract
A fascinating concept in biology, in my personal opinion, is how cells are able to make new cells expressing the information from genes to proteins all over the earth. From unicellular organisms, viruses, mycoplasma, protozoa, cancer cells, neurons to the most complex biological organisms and complex ecosystems, all of them rely on the gene expression. Darwin in his famous book “On the Origin of Species” in 1859, states that the species of organisms live and evolve through the natural selection processes. In 1976 Richard Dawkins states in his book “The Selfish Gene”, that genes are the central piece in the way natural selection operates [1]. In this paper, I am going to explore the relationship between genes under the “selfish” rule and how these can inspire new technologies.

Genes are the smallest unit of information independent to each other. In fact, cell, organisms, and genomes particularly are mere vectors of the information carry on the genes. The immunological response that prevents microbial infections is based on the production of the antibodies. These proteins are produced by B-lymphocytes cells and encode in the DNA [2]. In fact, each of this cell produces a particular protein called antigen and involve the rearrangement of the genes in the cell. In order to produce and fight against the exogenous organisms the immunological system is able to constantly produce new variation of genes

https://crimsonpublishers.com/jbb/fulltext/JBB.000535.php

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The Relationship Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Osteoporosis in Elderly Patients: A Retrospective Study_ Crimson Publishers

 The Relationship Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Osteoporosis in Elderly Patients: A Retrospective Study Anood Jamal Alshaali* in Advancements in Case Studies_ Advancements in Case Studies

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) effect bone metabolism, but the relationship of T2DM with bone mineral density remains inconsistent across studies. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between osteoporosis and T2DM in elderly patients.A total of 313 elderly was included in the study with a mean age of 68.20±7.07 years. The prevalence of osteoporosis in this study was 39.5%. The results showed that, non- diabetic elderly had higher prevalence of osteoporosis in comparison to diabetic elderly (44.0% and 33.1%, respectively). This difference was statistically significant (P=0.007). It was observed that males had higher femur and lumbar spine BMD in comparison with females. The present study gave better understanding of the effect of diabetes mellitus on bone architecture will help to improve the quality of provided health services at the primary health care level hence, improving the outcomes.

Introduction

Osteoporosis is defined as a metabolic skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength and altered bone quality along with micro-architectural abnormalities predisposing a person to an increased risk of fracture, hence leading to a significant morbidity and mortality [1,2]. The risk of osteoporosis increases with advanced age and is higher in women than in men. The lifetime risk of developing osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture is estimated to be 30-50% in women and 15-30% in men [3]. The United Nation described population aging as a key demographic feature of the 20th century and stated that it will remain an important population issue throughout the 21st century. Elderly population forms a significant proportion of the world total population. In 2015, 12% of the 7.3billions living individuals were aged 60 years and above. This is expected to increase to 21.6% by 2050

https://crimsonpublishers.com/aics/fulltext/AICS.000549.php

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