Educational Revolution- Learning by Environmental Problem Solving (EPBL)_Crimson Publishers

 Educational Revolution- Learning by Environmental Problem Solving (EPBL) by Kao YL in COJ Reviews & Research_open access publishers in usa

Opinion

The main purpose of education is developing human’s knowledge, skills and affections to recognize this world, solve problems in daily life and help human alive in the future. Many researchers in the world mentioned that students paid a lot of time in memorizing mathematics formula, science theory and language grammar, but cannot apply their knowledge to solve problem in their real life [1-3]. If people cannot solve problems, they cannot adapt themselves to live in the big environmental changes in the future. To sum up, to improve human’s problem-solving abilities by integrating his/her knowledge, skills and affections is the nature of education. But, do you ever think, what is the definition of “problems” and “environmental problems”?

Schraw et al. [4] indicated that problems could be defined as well-defined problems and ill-defined problems. The well-defined problems mean that this kind of problems are structural and could be solved in some specific domain knowledge, while the ill-defined problems did not be structural and could be solve in a lot of different ways. It seems that well-defined problems could be solved simply. Unfortunately, the problems in our real life are always be ill-defined problems [5]. On the other hand, what is “environmental problems”? The environmental problems might can be defined as “the problems which cannot be solved in this modern age”. It’s to say, if the environmental issues or pollutions could be solved right now, they would not stay here and to be disturbing problems.

In this decade, the environmental problems involved in the climate change issues, energy emergency, ocean crisis, micro plastic, etc. Each environmental problem could not be solved in just one or two domain knowledge. If human wants to make a better decision to solve the environmental problems, they should be considered in science, society, economy, etc. aspects of domain knowledge [6]. In other words, one must be integrated multiple domain knowledge and skills to think about an environmental problem solving. Thus, in this mini review article, this study provides a whole new concept which is “learning by Environmental Problem Solving (EPBL)” to drive an educational revolution.

There are five main steps to operate EPBL course (Figure 1). First, the idea we mentioned about EPBL should be started in an ill-defined environmental problem. Second, the learners should provide their problem-solving strategies in four different domain knowledge at least, such as Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM), society, economy, politics etc. Third, the learners should collect information, data and news to draw up a problemsolving plan. Fourth, the learners need to balance the benefits of all aspects of knowledge they chose and make a problem-solving decision. At last, the learners need to share their problem-solving strategies to others and collect the other’s feedbacks. This step could help the learners integrate their background knowledge, skills and affections by reflection, and improve them to reorganize/modify their problem-solving strategies more perfection (Figure 1). This article aims to provide a new idea - learning by EPBL to drive educational revolution. We believe that human need to be trained by integrating multiple domain knowledge and skills and have flexible thoughts to solve problems in daily life. Thus, human could alive in the rapidly changing environments in the future.

Figure 1:

References

1. Cracolice MS, Deming JC, Ehlert B (2008) Concept learning versus problem solving: A cognitive difference. Journal of Chemical Education 85(6): 873-878.
2. Linnette RL, Werner MA, David HMA (2020) Supporting problem solving in the leadership classroom: Using the pVASE framework for bridging theory to practice. Journal of Leadership Education 19(1): 44-52.
3. Nakhleh MB (1993) Are our students’ conceptual thinkers or algorithmic problem solvers? Identifying Conceptual Students in General Chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education 70(1): 52-55.
4. Schraw, Dunkle and Bendixen (1995) Cognitive processes in well‐defined and ill‐defined problem solving. Applied Cognitive Psychology 34(1): 1-292.
5. Yeh FY, Liu CJ, Huang CF (2016) Explore students’ scientific and environmental learning process by using EPBL strategy.
6. Adair J (2019) Decision making and problem solving. Kogan Page Ltd, London, UK.

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Motor Control Exercises for Software Employees for their Non-Specific Neck Pain_Crimson Publishers

 Motor Control Exercises for Software Employees for their Non-Specific Neck Pain by Mohammad sheeba kauser in Developments in Anaesthetics & Pain Management_open access publishers in usa

Abstract

This study is to discover a response to this inquiry by researching the effect of motor control excercises on vague cervical agony. The investigation incorporates 15 female and 15 male age of 35 to 65 .people were isolated into two randomized groups. The members were rethought on the third and sixth weeks with VAS and Oswestry . results were taken (p>0.05). There were no factually huge contrasts in VAS results before the treatment Notwithstanding the relations between the gatherings, the two of them yielded critical information. As indicated by the VAS score of the benchmark group, the VAS score somewhere in the range of third and sixth weeks is found to be critical, contrasted with the other gathering (p=0.007; p<0.01).

Keywords: Neck pain, mc kenzie excercises, Motor control excercises

Introduction

Cervical pain is one of the most well-known behind handicap and headaches . It is a medical problem that can cause serious clinical, social, wellbeing related and monetary misfortunes. Medicines incorporate pharmacological treatment, active recuperation modalities, interventional strategies, and activities. Motor control practices were created in the last part of the 1980s at San Francisco Spine Institute, USA. These activities depend on the adjustment of muscles. Involving the nonpartisan zone [1]. The point of motor control practices is to build the pressure on neck muscles, (levetor scapulae, sternocliedo mastoid, trapezius, erector spinae, deep cervical flexors, suboccipitalis).Three frameworks must work in coordination to guarantee dependability. The essential one is the aloof framework; vertebrae, aspect joints, intervertebral plate and tendons; the auxiliary framework is the dynamic solid framework and the third is neural control instruments (the quality in tendons, ligaments and muscles, development receptors and transmitters, vestibular, visual framework, criticism) [2]. Engine control practices were set up to soothe this irregularity and are normally utilized today [3].
Motor control practices are presently utilized in various areas including clinical recovery, sports exercises, and wellbeing. This kind of activity creates dynamic equilibrium, static equilibrium, adaptability and useful characteristics of people [4-6]. These center adjustment practices cause both a physiological enhancement of the muscles and a variation in the neural structures [7]. Moreover, center adjustment works out, which are utilized as powerful and static exercises, improve proprioceptive recognition, just as the body’s equilibrium and quality by guaranteeing strong enhancement and body control [8,9]. Motor control practices are the isometric compression , which shows as the neck divider pulls out with the isometric constriction of sternocliedo mastoid on a segmental level. Biomechanically, co-withdrawal is appropriate for these muscles. constriction that must be clinically noticed is joined by longus capitus and longus colli; then again, an ordinary compression is joined by rectus capitus anterior and rectus capitus lateralis [10,11].
Özcan and Çapan, Casey et al., and Rackwitz didn’t arrive at any critical resolutions in their randomized, controlled examination, where they researched the impact of motor control practices in intense, sub-intense and constant neck pain. Further investigations are required on this subject in light of the fact that the quantity of important examinations is deficient, there are clashing outcomes from various examinations and no critical end can yet be drawn. Accordingly, further investigations are required to improve the existence quality for patients. From this viewpoint, the proficiency of motor control practices on the Neck torment should be investigated [3,9,12].

Methodology

Study : Experimental study
Number of subjects : Total 30, group A 15 (control group ) group B 15 ( experimental group )
Duration of study : six weeks

Inclusion criteria

1. Both males and females
2. Age 35-65
3. Neck pain complaining
4. No severe injuries,
5. Any accidental deformities

Exclusion criteria

1. No associated muscular issues
2. Any birth deformities
3. Post trauma
4. Unwilling for the examination
5. Non cooperative

Method

30 subjects were selected based on the inclusion criteria, and a consent form was given to each for the permission to make a study and was explained the duration of the treatment. Both males and females were included and divided into two groups 15 each group A was given stretches along MC kenzie exercises. Group B was experimental group and was asked to perform motor control exercises. The examination was planned utilizing a randomized controlled model (1:1 randomization draw) bringing about similar number of volunteers in the benchmark group and study gatherings. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Oswestry NECK Pain Scale v2.0 were utilized to record people’s agony levels. Following both groups were allotted, activities which were verbally and outwardly disclosed. Activities were doled out by considering the actual fitness of the members. Members were later reexamined regarding their agony levels on the third and sixth seven day stretch of the program utilizing the VAS and Oswestry Pain scales. Planned by Fairbanks and later created by Hudson-Cook, Oswestry Scale is a proposed scale for the assessment of versatility and day by day life of people with neck pain because of its quality and repeatability [13,14,15]. In this examination, Motor control practices were relegated to the treatment gathering, which were isolated in a randomized, controlled way. As per the adjustment limits of the volunteers, they were allotted as to learner, medium or progressed level. Each level comprised of an aggregate of six developments, each having two and they were finished three times each week with ten redundancies of each activity.

Result

Results were drawn using spss software 23.0,
calculated the p value which was >0.05 (Table 1-3).

Table 1:Distributions of descriptive characteristics.

Table 2:

Table 3:Evaluation of Oswestry scores according to groups.

Discussion

The impacts of Motor control practices on vague cervical pain are researched in this examination. The examination was led more than two distinctive randomized gatherings with 30 patients and (1:1) was utilized to help the legitimacy of the investigation and to accomplish more grounded outcomes. NECK pain is among the most common musculoskeletal issues in the public arena. Its conclusion and treatment is a weight on both the individual and the economy. The reasons for neck pain are 90% mechanical and on the off chance that it gets ongoing, it might cause practical disabilities [16]. Inside the extent of our investigation, no measurable noteworthiness has been found as for the elements old enough and sexual orientation expanding or diminishing (p>0.05). In different past investigations concerning , it has been expressed that men are more inclined to be presented to the neck pain contrasted with women [17,18]. Based on different investigations in the writing; Tekgül distinguished that ladies speak to the dominant part, contrasted with men, with 75% in the main gathering, 73.3% in the subsequent gathering, 80.6% in the third gathering; while Şahin et al. discovered 65%; Atar discovered 70% in the first and 80% in the second gathering [19-21]. In our examination, no huge contrasts between conjugal status and instructive level were found (p>0.05). In an investigation, directed by Matsui et al., 170 (27.4%) out of 200 patients with analyzed were hitched, while 30 patients (19.9%) were either widow/ers or single. No huge connection was found between conjugal status and (p=0.059, χ2=3.567). The connection among torment and instructive status, in any case, uncovered that as the instructive level expanded, torment levels dropped (p=0.001, χ2=11.879) [22,23]. People with lower instructive levels regularly work in more ergonomically testing conditions. They are regularly in word related jobs that include hefty and non-ergonomic actual exercises. As a psychosocial some portion of the therapy model for ongoing neck issues practice is a decent choice. In any case, no last end has been attracted with respect to which exercise programs are best [24-27]. In our examination, VAS and Oswestry scores from motor control works out (group 2)and traditional exercise programs (group a) in patients with neck pain were explored.
A factually huge contrast was found between bunches in this investigation concerning the third week VAS scores after the treatment and the sixth week scores (p=0.007; p<0.01); while the adjustment in Group 2 (drop) is discovered to be higher than the adjustment in Group 1. No measurably critical distinction has been seen in the gatherings’ Oswestry information from before the treatment, on the third week after the treatment (p=0.794) and the sixth week after the treatment (p=0.667) (p>0.05). In Group 1, a measurably critical change was seen in Oswestry information (p=0.001; p<0.01). Because of the double correlations, directed to discover which subsequent meet-ups caused the essentialness; third week after the treatment (p=0.002) and sixth week (p=0.001), contrasted with before the treatment, uncovered a huge drop in Oswestry scores (p<0.01) [28,29]. A measurably critical drop in the scores of sixth week, contrasted with the third week after the treatment, was likewise recognized in Oswestry scores (p=0.001; p<0.01). In Group 2; a factually huge change as per Oswestry information was found (p=0.001; p<0.01). Because of the double correlations, directed to discover which subsequent meet-ups caused the essentialness; third week after the treatment (p=0.001) and sixth week (p=0,001), contrasted with before the treatment, uncovered a critical drop in Oswestry scores (p<0.01). Besides, the drop in the sixth week Oswestry scores, contrasted with the third week scores, was discovered to be factually huge (p=0.002; p<0.01).
In the examination, huge changes between bunches as far as Oswestry scores were not found (p>0.05). Nonetheless, when each gathering was independently assessed, it was seen that the drop in their scores were huge (p=0.001; p<0.01), (p=0.002; p<0.01). Tulder et al., who contemplated practice programs, in any case, didn’t arrive at any resolutions regarding the proficiency of both exercise models. An examination of both exercise conventions uncovered differentiating ends. Also, differentiating discoveries were presented concerning reinforcing and isometric activities, which were supposed to be more successful than dormant active recuperation conventions [30].

Conclusion

In our investigation, no demographically huge ends in the two gatherings, where motor control practices and conventional activities were doled out against neck pain, were found. Nonetheless, concerning VAS and Oswestry neck scores, the two gatherings uncovered critical outcomes. In future study we think can be done on huge demographical extends and also on larger population.

References

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