Perspectives of Complement System in Inflammatory Diseases- Crimson Publishers

Perspectives of Complement System in Inflammatory Diseases by Lalit M Srivastava* in Advances in Complementary & Alternative medicine-Crimson Publishers: Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

The Complement System provides a rapid and efficient means to protect the host from invasive microorganisms. Due to its diverse biological activities, complement is the major mediator of inflammation, a natural response to the host tissue to any injury. Evidences are available to show that complement significantly contributes to the regulation of immune response. Furthermore, the effector functions arising from complement activation carry the potential for harming the host by directly or indirectly mediating inflammatory tissue destruction. Inappropriate or excessive activation of the complement system can lead to harmful, potentially life-threatening consequences due to severe inflammatory destruction. Genetic complement deficiencies or complement depletion have been found to be beneficial in reducing tissue injury of severe complement dependent inflammation.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/acam/fulltext/ACAM.000517.php

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Common Etiology of Foreign Body Ingestion_ Crimson Publishers

Common Etiology of Foreign Body Ingestion by Adnan Qureshi*, Joanne Cunningham and Sobia Naz in Crimson Publishers: Surgical Medicine

Background: The aim of this study was to look at the demography, sites of insertion, most common causes of foreign body ingestion and the procedures used for retrieval of these foreign bodies (FB). We also looked at length of stay and common a mental health diagnosis for patients admitted with FB ingestion.

Material & Method: This was a retrospective analysis of four years data from January 2014 to January 2018 at Northampton general Hospital. The data was collected using the hospital electronic record system. All patients admitted under surgical subspecialties and gastroenterology was included. Children with a genital FB were excluded from the study. The number of admissions for each patient was recorded. Patients were divided into accidental and mental health illness (MHI) groups.

Result: A total of 146 patients were admitted with FB diagnosis. 57% (84) were in the accidental group and 43% (63) were in the MHI group. In the accidental group 70% (54) were under the age of 16 years, the most common cause was inorganic FB and the most common site was an ENT. While in adults most common site in accidental FB was oesophagus and the food bolus was the commonest cause. In the MHI group 63 patients had 257 admissions episodes. The mean age was 25±21 years. Female sex and younger age i.e early adulthood were at a higher risk for FB ingestion. Abdominal x-ray was the most common investigation. Mean length of stay was 3±2 days. Endoscopic retrieval was successful in 85% of patients. Most common mental health diagnosis was deliberate self-harm (DSH) 40%.

Conclusion: Younger age group, female sex and patients with history of DSH are at a higher risk of FB ingestion and recurrent presentation. Early recognition of high-risk patients and prompt psychiatric help can minimise the recurrent presentation of these patients. Minimally invasive techniques like endoscopic retrieval of FB should be first choice.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/smoaj/fulltext/SMOAJ.000525.php

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Macular Abnormality after Successful Surgery for Idiopathic Macular Hole Assessed Using Optical Coherence Tomography | Crimson Publishers

Macular Abnormality after Successful Surgery for Idiopathic Macular Hole Assessed Using Optical Coherence Tomography by Nazimul Hussain in Medical & Surgical Ophthalmology Research

Purpose: Macular changes following Internal Limiting Membrane peeling after successful Macular hole closure using optical coherence tomography.

Methods: 5 eyes of 5 patients were included in the study. The inclusion criteria were idiopathic full thickness macular hole and completed at least 6 months follow up. All patients underwent optical coherence tomography assessment before and after surgery until 6 months. Macular thickness and morphology map was analyzed before and after surgery.

Results: There were 3 males and 2 females. The age range from 45 to 59 years. Conspicuous irregular surface of the inner retina on Optical Coherence Tomography surface topography was evident in all eyes at 6 months. This was also associated with downward slope of the temporal macula seen on surface topography. There was trend towards decrease in subfield thickness especially in the T1, S1, I1 and N1 6 months after surgery. The average decrease was -60.4 microns in T1, -20.4 microns in S1, -13.0 microns in I1 and -23.4 microns in N1.

Conclusion: In this small case series brilliant blue assisted ILM peeling after successful macular whole closure showed evidence of decrease in macular thickness in all first subfield quadrant and downward slope of the temporal macula as well as conspicuous irregularity of the inner retina.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/msor/fulltext/MSOR.000517.php

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Broadening the Spectrum of Diffusion Weighted Imaging to Evaluate Marrow Pathologies-Crimson Publishers

Broadening the Spectrum of Diffusion Weighted Imaging to Evaluate Marrow Pathologies by Meena GL in Crimson Publishers: Bone disease

Objectives: To evaluate the signal characteristics of normal adult bone marrow in whole-body diffusion-weighted (DW) images (WB-DWI), to correlate these characteristics with age and gender, and to determine the causes of these phenomena.

Material and Methods: Ninety-eight healthy volunteers underwent WB-DWI (b=0 and 800s/mm2). Two radiologists visually evaluated the signal characteristics of bone marrow in DW images separately. One radiologist measured the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, bilateral femur (including head, neck, and proximal and distal femoral shaft), bilateral humeral head, ilium, and scapula. The signal characteristics of normal bone marrow were analyzed.

Results: The visual evaluation results of DW images indicated that hyperintensity of bone marrow was more frequently seen in women aged 21-50 years (68.4%) than in men aged 21-50 years (3.3%) (P <0.001), men aged 51-81 years (5.9%) (P<0.001), and women aged 51-81 years (15.4%) (P=0.001). However, no statistically significant difference was found between men and women aged 51-81 years (P=0.565). The ADC of bone marrow was significantly higher in women than in men aged 21-50 years. Bone marrow ADC showed significant negative correlation with age in women but

not in men.

Conclusion: The signal intensity of bone marrow varies with age and gender in DW images. ADC and the T2 shine through effect contributed to the bone marrow signal intensity in DW images, and the latter effect may predominate.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/rabs/fulltext/RABS.000509.php

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