Comparison of Geriatric Assessment Tools in Patients with Solid Malignancies_ Crimson Publishers

Comparison of Geriatric Assessment Tools in Patients with Solid Malignancies by Antoine Abi Abboud* in Gastroenterology Medicine & Research_ Gastroenterology Open Access Journals

 

Abstract

Background: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS), and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) are well known screening tools for older cancer patients. However, the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment score (CGA), which is a multidimensional evaluation of the older patient, is less used in practice. Few comparative studies were done before and there is no screening tool uniformly used worldwide.

Methods: One hundred patients aged 65 years and older diagnosed with solid tumors were interviewed before starting their first chemotherapy cycle. The scores of ECOG PS, KPS and CGA were filled. The statistical analysis was done using the Chi-square test.

Results: No correlation was found between CGA fragile on one side and ECOG ≥2/ KPS ≤70% on the other side with a p-value of 0.9 and 0.48 respectively. Forty three per cent of patients had a good performance status according to ECOG PS and KPS despite a fragile CGA.

Conclusion: KPS and ECOG PS may not be reliable for treatment decision making in the older oncology patient.

Keywords: Cancer; ECOG PS; KPS; CGA; Chemotherapy

Abbreviations: CGA: Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment; ECOG PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; KPS: Karnofsky Performance Status

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T cell Immune Pathways Current and Future Implementation in Cancer Immunotherapy_ Crimson Publishers

T cell Immune Pathways Current and Future Implementation in Cancer Immunotherapy by Reham M El Shabrawy* in

Novel Approaches in Cancer Study_ Journal of Cancer Research

 

Abstract

T cells are central players in cancer immune response. The discovery of T cell immune pathways has revealed several inhibitory and stimulatory pathways that affect the differentiation and activation of T cell. Theses pathways represent ideal candidates that can be targeted to augment in-vivo. T cell immune response against tumors. In this mini review we will try to reveal some inhibitory and stimulatory T cell immune pathways to which efforts of those interested in cancer immunotherapy can be directed.

Background

Tumor immunotherapy exceeds radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the fact that it considered the most tumor-specific therapy; it is characteristically effective in metastatic tumors, which is a real challenge facing current tumor therapies. Additionally, it confers long-lasting memory, which cannot by induce by other therapeutic approaches. T cell is the major cell orchestrating the anti-tumor immune response. For a T cell to be activated and differentiated, it should receive activating signal not only from the T cell receptor but also from other co-stimulatory molecules. On the other hand, to maintain a balanced immune system other molecule are involved in the inhibition of the activated T cell after the end of an immune response. Understanding these pathways can help in influencing the activity of T cell and thus provide other options for cancer immunotherapy.

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Yam: Is It a Functional Food?_ Crimson Publishers

Yam: Is It a Functional Food by Monte Guedes CKR* in

Novel Techniques in Nutrition and Food Science_ food science journals

 

Abstract

The yam (Dioscorea sp) belongs to the Discotic family and is a plant that has an herbaceous and scandal stem being characterized by forming tubers. The most broadcast are D rotundata, D alata, D trífida, D esculenta and D cayennensis [1-3]. Its culture is quite common in African countries, especially in west Africa, but also in Brazil, mainly in Southeast and Northeast Regions [4-6]. The tuber is very well accepted in culinary, being used cooked itself or in preparations, but it’s use is quite explored in other areas, such as the use for medicinal purposes, with promises to improve the systemic functioning of the organism and to be beneficial in the treatment of some diseases [7]. Because of the association the tuber has been studied for the purpose of maintenance and/or recovery health as well as their functional properties. The yam has important food characteristics. The analysis of its composition evidences that it’s rich in carbohydrates, presenting a good energetic value, excellent fiber content, low glycemic index (37±8) and glycemic load (13), being still a good source of vitamins and minerals (Table 1); [8-13]. Recent studies point to the beneficial effect and reinforce a diversity of properties related to tuber consumption, or its isolated bioactive compounds. The main functions attributed to the yam are immunomodulatory, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action, modulation in lipid and glucose uptake and metabolism and performance as protective agent for the treatment and prevention of menopause, cancer and hypertension.

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