Biochanin
a Versus17beta Estradiol Effect in Rat Submandibular Salivary Gland; Natural
Alternative or an Endocrine Disruptor! (Transmission Electron Microscope) by Amira
M El Sherbini* in Modern Research in Dentistry_ Dentistry Open Access Journals
Abstract
The ultrastructure of
Submandibular gland [SMG] following low dose of Biochanin a [BCA] and 17beta
estradiol [E2] application was observed. The pups were allocated randomly into
control, BCA, E2, Dimethyl sulphoxide [DMSO] and euthanized at the 6th, 14th,
30th, 60th postnatal days [PND]. The SMG acinar and ductal structure, in
addition to telocytes, were altered with the compounds of concern.
Keywords: Biochanin A; 17beta estradiol; Endocrinal disruptor
Abbreviations: BCA: Biochanin A; E2: 17beta estradiol; DMSO:
Dimethylsulphoxide; SMG: Submandibular Salivary Gland; ED: Endocrinal
Disruptor; TE: Transmission Electron Microscope; PND: Postnatal Day; gp: Group;
M: Mitochondria; N: Nuclei; L: Lumen; rER: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum; SG:
Secretory Granules
Introduction
Known for various
biological activities, biochanin A
[BCA] is a plant extract that can be found in red clover [1]. Biochanin A acts
also as anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory agent [2,3]and anti-tumorigenic
effect through inhibition of several enzymatic activity and apoptosis induction
[3-6]. BCA is known for its estrogenic activity because it can bind with both
alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) estrogen receptors [7]. The 17β estradiol is the
main sponsor to estrogen-dependent processes in peripheral tissues [8].
Likewise, it is the main determinant for the proliferation of breast cancer cells
in vivo [9,10]. In an attempt to avoid the risks, the search for alternative
therapy is justified [11]. Estrogen receptors [predominantly ERβ] are expressed
in submandibular gland more than the other major salivary glands. Thus,
implicating a role of salivary gland in reproductive and peripheral organ
development and/ or regeneration [12]. The rodent SMG exhibits extensive
development of its parenchymal elements in postnatal periods [13]. Hereby the
prepubertal development of rat SMG following low dose of Biochanin a [BCA] and 17beta
estradiol [E2] exposure was observed. As far as we know this is the first
assessment of BCA on SMG development. Although biochanin A is thought to be
better tolerated, the presented study presented damaging effect that may exceed
that revealed by genistein [14] on submandibular
gland.
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