A Case Studies to Estimate the Shearing Characteristics of a Natural Cemented Gravel Soil Trough Large in situ Direct Shear Test Flexural Strength of Concrete_ Crimson Publishers

 A Case Studies to Estimate the Shearing Characteristics of a Natural Cemented Gravel Soil Trough Large in situ Direct Shear Test Flexural Strength of Concrete by Carlo G Ferretti* in Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology_ Open Journal of Civil Engineering

 

Abstract
In project of applied geotechnical engineering it is necessary to know the shearing characteristics of the soil in place. In some cases, it is not possible to recover intact samples, maintaining their representative mechanical properties and analyzing them in the laboratory. It is, therefore, necessary to carry out tests in situ to determine the mechanical characteristics of soil that are essential to project design. This article reports a practical case study on alluvial sediments with a coarse gravel sandy texture. For its appropriate analysis a large in situ direct shear test has been designed and performed. This technique identified the presence of a weak soil cementation by natural calcite and its important effect on geotechnical soil failure behavior. Moreover, the test stated the unusual shear characteristics for a granular soil-structure of alluvial origin, and the proper cohesion and friction angle values (C=36.9 kPa; ϕ= 52°) to consider in the project

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Association between Maternal Dietary Diversity and Neonatal Birth Size_ Crimson Publishers

Association between Maternal Dietary Diversity and Neonatal Birth Size by Imran M* in Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences_ Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering

 

Abstract
Background: Maternal under-nutrition is one of the major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly in the developing countries. Maternal nutrition has direct association with neonatal birth size. It is estimated that 15% to 20% of all births worldwide are Low Birth Weight (LBW) representing more than 20 million births a year.

Method: In this study cross-sectional research design was used to survey 385 pregnant women who were selected purposively from one public and four private Lahore, Pakistan. Participants aged 25-30 years, were enrolled after taking written informed consent. Socio-demographics profiles of the participants including maternal/paternal age and education was recorded through a structured questionnaire. Maternal anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), Mid- Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) and neonatal weight, length, head and chest circumference were measured. Maternal dietary intake was assessed by 24 Hour Recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) was calculated from three days 24 Hour Recall performed. Data was collected from Feb-July 2017. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all the variables. Chi-square test was applied to observe the association between independent and dependent variables. Results were analyzed by using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. The p-value less than 0.05 was taken as significant.

Result: The mean of maternal age was 27.92(±4.033) years and the mean of neonatal birth weight was 3.026(±0.369)kg, length 48.64(±3.543)cm, head circumference 32.46(±1.9747)cm and chest circumference 31.485(±1.947)cm. Head circumference of the neonate was significantly associated with dietary diversity (p-value 0.001) whereas neonatal chest circumference, length and birth weight was not associated with dietary diversity (p-value >0.05)

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