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Tuesday, August 4, 2020

Synthesis and Characterization of ZnONPs from Vitis vinifera Peel Extract and Its Antimicrobial Efficacy_ Crimson Publishers

Synthesis and Characterization of ZnONPs from Vitis vinifera Peel Extract and Its Antimicrobial Efficacy by E Davida* in Advancements in Bioequivalence & Bioavailability_ Bioequivalence And Bioavailability International Journal

Abstract
Of silver nanoparticles extracellularly. The biosynthetic methods have been recognized as an alternative to chemical and physical synthesis, as this biosynthetic method is economical, ecofriendly, and cost-effective. The present work exhibited an efficient and low-cost biological approach to synthesize the metal nanoparticles and provided helpful insight into the development of new antimicrobial agents with the synergistic enhancement of the antimicrobial mechanism against pathogenic microorganisms.

A green synthesis of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles was carried out using Vitis vinifera skin peel extract. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, DLS, TEM, FT-IR and XRD studies respectively. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy of prepared Zinc Oxide colloidal solution showed absorption maxima at 230nm. TEM analysis showed average particle size ranging from 0.5-10μm, while XRD confirms SAED pattern confirmed the crystalline nature of synthesized nanoparticles. FT-IR analysis revealed that primary and secondary amine groups in combination with the protein present in the peel extract are responsible for reduction reaction and also the stabilization of Zno nanoparticles. DLS shows the particle size of nanoparticles is 64.4nm and has a negative zeta potential of -34.1mV. Hence from this study we concluded that the nanoparticles synthesized from Vitis vinifera peel extract has shown very effective on in-vitro antimicrobial activity (Gram positive and negative Bacteria, Fungi) using disc diffusion method.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/abb/fulltext/ABB.000535.php

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Monday, August 3, 2020

Review and Proposed Management of Violence in the Secure Psychiatric Ward_ Crimson Publishers

Review and Proposed Management of Violence in the Secure Psychiatric Ward by Ahmed SY* in Examines in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Open Access_ Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

Abstract
Anger, hostility, aggression and violence are commonly encountered in the secure psychiatric wards. These acts interfere with the therapeutic milieu and cause unrest amongst both staff and patients. Understanding the aetiology and variables associated with these are critical to establishing safer wards. In this review article we amalgamate and summarize findings from research within the last ten years. We use evidence from recent research, clinical guidelines and our individual experiences to describe how simple interventions may help in reducing the incidence in locked wards.

Introduction
Anger, hostility, aggression and violence are all interlinked, whilst commonly encountered within inpatient psychiatric environments. Escalation and difficulty in containing the above, normally leads to referral to services which offer greater levels of security (i.e. relational, environmental and procedural security). The Epidemiology Catchment Area study found that incidents of violence were five times higher in subjects with psychiatric illness [1]. There is some evidence from birth cohorts to suggest that there is a greater risk of violence amongst subjects with serious mental illness, in particular those with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia, when compared to the general population; this, however, remains a much debated, controversial finding [2]. It is therefore imperative to recognize and acknowledge these acts and the potential repercussions.

The goal of the inpatient setting is to provide a safe environment to aid the pathway to recovery. The therapeutic milieu is, however, very much unsettled by disturbing behaviors which place both the aggressor and other patients/staff at risk. The effect of these behaviors is extensive; from previous work, we are aware of the psychological impact of this on nursing staff [3] Dealing with these troubled behaviors on a daily basis can contribute to burnout in staff [3]. Our aim is to review the current research in the aetiology and variables associated with anger and hostility, which in turn drives aggression in these settings; our focus remains on the secure (PICU and Forensic) wards. There appear similarities in the antecedents which lead to violence by patients who are admitted to the wards, regardless of their psychiatric diagnosis. We will discuss briefly how this can be prevented with particular emphasis on the beneficial effects of changing the ward structure, organization and design.

To aid our review a literature search was conducted on articles produced in the last ten years around the aetiology of anger/hostility and violence. Our search yielded three sets of guidelines from NICE which included short term management, and the prevalence of violence/aggressive behaviors in those with a mental health diagnosis. We found two systematic reviews which focused on aggression in psychiatric wards and three research articles investigating the aetiology.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/epmr/fulltext/EPMR.000543.php