Self‐Medication Patterns Among Medical Students in North India_ Crimson Publishers

 Self‐Medication Patterns Among Medical Students in North India by Neelam Kotwal* in Developments in Clinical & Medical Pathology_ Journal of Medical Pathology

 

Abstract
Introduction: Self‐medication results in wastage of resources, increases resistance of pathogens and generally causes serious health hazards such as adverse drug reactions, prolonged suffering and drug dependence.

Method: A cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted. The participants were medical students from first to final year. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 2.0.

Result: A total of 100 students, 61 (61.00%) male and 39 (39.00%) female, were included in the study. Of the medical students surveyed, self‐medication was reported among 88%. The most common ailments for which self‐medication were used were the common cold and headache. The students consulted their textbooks and peers for the medications. Antipyretics and analgesics were the most common self‐ medicated drugs.

Conclusion: The prevalence of self‐medication among medical students is high, facilitated by the easy availability of drugs and information from textbooks or seniors. The potential problems of self‐medication should be emphasized to the students.

Introduction
Self‐medication can be defined as obtaining and consuming drugs without the advice of a physician for diagnosis, prescription or surveillance of treatment [1-3]. Self‐medication differs from self‐care in that it involves drugs that may do good or cause harm. [4] It has been found that inappropriate self‐medication causes wastage of resources, increases resistance of pathogens and generally causes serious health hazards such as adverse drug reactions, prolonged suffering and drug dependence [4-7].

https://crimsonpublishers.com/dcmp/fulltext/DCMP.000524.php

Crimson Publishers: https://crimsonpublishers.com/

For more articles in Journal of Nanotechnology,
Please click on below link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/dcmp/

To the Rationale for Homeopathy_ Crimson Publishers

To the Rationale for Homeopathy by Solomon I Khmelnik* in Determinations in Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology_ Journal of Nanotechnology

 

Abstract
It is shown that in the water molecules there can exist a bulk standing electromagnetic wave with a frequency of the order of 1017 s-1. This wave can be modulated by the frequency of natural vibrations of the substances dissolved in it. Then it is shown that on the basis of these facts the main features of homeopathy can be explained, including lack of influence of impurities and enhancement of the therapeutic effect when dilution.

Introduction
The theoretical rationale for homeopathy does not correspond to scientific ideas about the functioning of organisms. Therefore, a large number of professional medical and general scientific organizations openly express a negative attitude towards homeopathy. The same organizations point to the lack of evidence of the effectiveness of homeopathy. However, homeopathy exists precisely because many see this evidence. The following is an attempt to find a rigorous scientific justification for homeopathy.

First of all, we note some characteristic features of homeopathy.

A. The healing effects of the drug and the drug solution are the same.

B. Trivial calculations show that in drugs with high dilution, the probability of having at least one molecule of the active substance is close to zero. However, the therapeutic effect remains.

C. With a decrease in the concentration of the drug, the therapeutic effect is enhanced. D. The amount of impurities in a homeopathic medicine is inevitably greater than that of a medicinal substance. Therefore, particles of impurities, obviously, should have a greater effect than particles of a drug substance. However, this is not observed.

E. Some homeopaths believe that the effect of the drug is due to the fact that “water has a memory” that transfers biological information.

F. There is no generally accepted scientific opinion about the existence of a “memory of water” [1].

Thus, the question of the justification of homeopathy boils down to the question of the ability of water to preserve the memory about substances previously dissolved in it

https://crimsonpublishers.com/dnn/fulltext/DNN.000522.php

Crimson Publishers: https://crimsonpublishers.com/

For more articles in Journal of Nanotechnology,
Please click on below link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/dnn/

Entropy and Fractals_ Crimson Publishers

Entropy and Fractals by Korablev G А* in Journal of Scientific Conference Proceedings_ Integrative Journal of Conference Proceedings

 

Abstract
The resonance stationary state of structural processes takes place under the condition of equality of degrees of corpuscular and wave interactions. The fractal structures are formed under the condition of equilibrium statistic interaction of entropic and negentropic characteristics of all particles. Such principle is realized not only for snowflakes but also in many other natural phenomena, for example, during the cloud formation and even during dust concentration in premises. This condition is also fulfilled in microworld that is confirmed by the equations of Plank’s constant, fine structure constant and for number. The conclusions obtained can be used in practice to search for optimal technological solutions.

Introduction
In statistic thermodynamics the entropy (S) of the closed and equilibrious system equals the logarithm of the probability of its definite microstate where W-number of available states of the system or degree of the degradation of microstates; k-Boltzmann’s constant. These correlations are general assertions of macroscopic character, do not contain any references to the structure elements of the systems considered and they are completely independent of microscopic models. Therefore, the application and consideration of these laws can result in a large number of consequences. The thermodynamic probability W is the main characteristic of the process. In actual processes in the isolated system the entropy growth is inevitable-disorder and chaos increase in the system; the quality of internal energy goes down. Thermodynamic probability equals the number of microstates corresponding to the given macrostate. An analysis was made of the nature of the change in the value of potential energy by its sign for various potential fields

https://crimsonpublishers.com/icp/fulltext/ICP.000520.php

Crimson Publishers: https://crimsonpublishers.com/

For more articles in Journal of Scientific Conference Proceedings,
Please click on below link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/icp/

Aquatic Exercise for Patients with Osteoarthritis_ Crimson Publishers

Aquatic Exercise for Patients with Osteoarthritis by Michaels NN* in Researches in Arthritis & Bone Study_ Journal of Arthritis Bone Disease

 

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), also known as degenerative joint disease, is the most common type of arthritis, affecting over 30 million people in the United States alone. The joint pain experienced by patients with OA often results in decreased mobility and function which contributes to the weight gain, joint swelling, muscle weakness, and depression often observed in this population. Exercise in the water offers a low impact option for exercise, with the soothing effects of buoyancy. This paper discusses the use of aquatic exercise as a non-pharmacological option to improve mobility and reduce pain for people with OA.

Introduction
Osteoarthritis (OA), also known as degenerative joint disease, is the most common type of arthritis, affecting over 30 million people in the United states alone [1]. OA affects both men and women is listed as one of the most frequent causes of physical disability in the older adult population [2]. The joint pain experienced by patients with OA often results in decreased mobility and function which contributes to the weight gain, joint swelling, muscle weakness, and depression often observed in this population [3]. As a physical therapist (PT) and an occupational therapist (OT), we have both been exposed to many interventions supported in the literature to reduce pain and improve mobility in individuals with OA, including pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and surgical interventions [4].

This paper discusses the use of aquatic exercise as an option to improve mobility and reduce pain for people with OA. OT and PT both fall within the non-pharmacological intervention category. According to Woods et al., the only non-pharmacological interventions offered by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) for knee OA are the use of appliances like braces and insoles, and appropriate footwear, although these researchers found transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TNS) to be an effective option. Aquatic exercise was not mentioned, and yet, this is a good alternative to pharmacological measures in the reduction of pain from OA

https://crimsonpublishers.com/rabs/fulltext/RABS.000518.php

Crimson Publishers: https://crimsonpublishers.com/

For more articles in Journal of Arthritis Bone Disease,

Please click on below link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/rabs/

Transition Fuels and Environmental Problems_ Crimson Publishers

  Transition Fuels and Environmental Problems by Offiong NO* in Annals of Chemical Science Research_ Journal of Advanced Chemical Sciences

 

Introduction
According to Spiro [1] “energy use underlies virtually all environmental issues...and its access is key to a better life for people and around the world.” The world currently depends on fossil fuel resources for much of its energy needs. The inevitable depletion of fossil fuel reserves and concomitant increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases are forcing a transition from fossil fuel to renewable energy sources such as solar, geothermal, wind and biomass [2,3]. Renewable energy sources are those which are not exhaustible, and which can provide continuous supply [4]. Other examples of renewable energy sources include wood, ocean thermal energy and tidal power. A brief description of these energy sources is provided below:

a.    Solar-solar energy originates from the electromagnetic radiation from the sun to earth.

b.    Geothermal energy-underground heat in the form of steam, hot water, or hot rock used to produce steam have been used as an energy source.

c.    Wind-this is the energy derived from moving air used by windmills.

d.    Biomass energy-this refers to direct burning of word, wastepaper, manure, agricultural wastes or any form of biomass or converting them to a fuel source. Certain microorganisms when they digest biomass in the absence of air, produce wither alcohol or methane gas, which give energy on combustion.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/acsr/fulltext/ACSR.000527.php

Crimson Publishers: https://crimsonpublishers.com/

For more articles in Journal of Advanced Chemical Sciences,
Please click on below link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/acsr/