Prevalence
of Bacterial Vaginosis in Preterm and Term Labour-An Observational Study by Kavya K* in Investigations in Gynecology Research
& Womens Health_ Gynecology Open Access Journals
Abstract
Background: Bacterial vaginosis is a clinical condition caused
by replacement of the normal hydrogen peroxide producing Lactobacillus sp. in
the vagina with high concentrations of characteristic sets of aerobic and
anaerobic bacteria. Bacterial vaginosis is believed to be a risk factor for
preterm delivery. Bacterial vaginosis is reported in 10 - 41% of women with an
evidence of maternal and fetal morbidity. Studies have shown that spontaneous
abortion, preterm labour
(PTL), premature birth, preterm premature rupture of membranes, amniotic fluid
infection, postpartum endometritis are increased because of infection with
bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy.
Objectives: To study the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in
women presenting with preterm labour and term labour, to analyze the causal
relationship between BV and PTL and to analyze the maternal and fetal
complications associated with bacterial vaginosis.
Materials
and methods: An observational study involving
100 patients with preterm and term labour (50 patients in each group) was
conducted at JJM Medical College, Davangere. Bacterial vaginosis was determined
to be present or absent on the basis of Amsel’s criteria. Pearson’s chi-square
test was used to demonstrate the difference between both groups with respect to
various categorical data. Independent ‘t’ test was used to compare the mean
maternal age and mean gestational age at admission in both the groups.
Results: The proportion of patients who fulfilled Amsel’s
criteria for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis was significantly more in
preterm labour group as compared to term labour group, and the difference was
highly significant statistically. In preterm labour group a greater number of
neonates born to women who had bacterial
vaginosis had low birth weight as well as neonatal complications as
compared to those born to women without bacterial vaginosis. Maternal
postpartum complications observed were also more in women with bacterial
vaginosis as compared to women without bacterial vaginosis in preterm labour
group.
Conclusion: Bacterial vaginosis is major risk factor for preterm labour. Therefore, the
testing for bacterial vaginosis and its prompt treatment may reduce the risk of
preterm labour. This will also go a long way in the prevention of neonatal
complications due to prematurity.
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