Infections Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) in Domestic Animals by Isabella Macário Ferro Cavalcanti* in Dairy and Veterinary Sciences journal_ Dairy and Veterinary Sciences journal
Abstract
Bacteria
of the genus Staphylococcus are considered common etiological agents of
infectious processes. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major pathogens that
cause human and animal infections due to its high prevalence in hospital and
community infections since it belongs to the normal microbiota of the skin and
nasal fossae of humans and healthy animals. In addition, the incidence of
multidrug-resistant strains (MDR) of the S aureus species are related to
high morbimortality rates in domestic animals worldwide. The identification of
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) in domestic animals is relevant not only from the
epidemiological point of view, but also to enables the development of
strategies to control and prevent infections caused by these microorganisms in
veterinary practice, in order to reduce their effects on human public health.
In this context, the present study aimed to elucidate the link between MDR
strains of S aureus and infections in domestic animals.
Introduction
Bacterial infectious diseases are among the leading causes of morbimortality of
domestic and wild animals, besides food contaminants [1,2]. Among the main
microorganisms that cause infections in mammals, the Staphylococcus aureus
stands out as the most important pathogen in animals and humans. This
microorganism is associated with superficial and deep infections of the skin
and soft tissues, causing toxin-mediated diseases such as staphylococcal
scalded-skin syndrome, toxic
shock syndrome and abscess-forming bacteremia, as well as serious infections
such as osteomyelitis, pneumonia, meningitis, arthritis, endocarditis,
septicemia and infectious mastitis.
Recent
studies have shown a worrying prevalence of infections caused by strains of S
aureus with resistance to numerous classes of antimicrobials in animals.
Bacterial resistance is an inevitable consequence of natural selection, but
some factors may accelerate its occurrence, including inadequate use of
antimicrobial agents in human and animal
health [5-7]. Considering the existence of microorganisms that have
mechanisms of self-protection to certain classes of antimicrobials, it is known
that besides mutations in the DNA of bacteria, the origin of acquired
resistance of microorganisms that cause infection comes from the transfer of
resistance genes [8,9]. Over the decades, bacteria that have clinical and
veterinary importance have become resistant to one or even to several classes
of antimicrobials. These resistant microorganisms were called multidrug
resistant (MDR)
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