Can we Detect Cancer Early? How Early?_ Crimson Publishers

 Can we Detect Cancer Early? How Early? by Shrihari TG* in Gerontology & Geriatrics Studies_ International Journal of Gerontology

 

Abstract

Cancer is a major threat to mankind, mainly caused by external environmental factors such as tobacco, alcohol and chemicals. Cancer cells and normal cells work alike, we cannot kill cancer cells without killing normal cells (Albert zen gyorgi). We daily exposed to external environmental factors by food we consume, adverse habits, air we inhale, exposed to many chemicals. If we scan for cancer cells in our human body, we have many cancer cells but not all cancer cells will turn into clinical cancer. Normally cancer cells are destroyed by our immune system but in cancer, cancer cells are escaped from immune system by its specialized mechanism called as immune evasion [1-4]. When do we detect cancer early when the cancer cells circulate throughout the body and seeding every corner of human body? If the normal cells to become clinical cancer the cells have to undergo three stages

1. Tumor initiation
2. Tumor promotion
3. Tumor progression

In tumor initiation stage the normal cell to become cancer cell it has to undergo mutation, not one mutation is enough, but 4-5 mutations are required to turn into cancer cell. In tumor promotion the cancer cells undergo cellular proliferation and cell survival and become dormant for many years until further activating factors provoke the process. In tumor progression the progression of cancer by angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis by various inflammatory mediators such as cytokines (IL-1,TNF-α,IL-8,IL-10,TGF-β,IL-6), chemokine’s (CXCL,CXCR,CCL types), growth factors (EGF,FGF,VEGF) and proteolytic enzymes (up A, MMP’s) secreted from inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and mast cells activate a key transcription factors NF-KB and STAT3 involved in tumor progression [2-9]. Most of all cancers, more than 90 percent of all cancers are due to external environmental factors such as chewing or smoking form of tobacco, alcohol, chemicals ingestion (such as lead, arsenic, silica), infectious agents (HPV, EBV), nutritional deficiency, and chronic psychological stress.

https://crimsonpublishers.com/ggs/fulltext/GGS.000598.php

For more articles in International Journal of Gerontology,

Please click on below link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/ggs/