Synthetic Peptide Antigens and Common Usage Areas_ Crimson Publishers

 Synthetic Peptide Antigens and Common Usage Areas by Gülnur Tarhan* in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease_ Journal of Microbiology

 

Abstract
Synthetic peptide antigens; molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, microbiology, etc. in the field of antibiotic drug development, antibody production and vaccine development has been the subject of numerous research studies. These antigens are widely used in the industry for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of genetic and metabolic diseases, especially infectious diseases. This technology is mainly based on the selection of epitopes found in natural structures and causing strong immune response, synthesis of amino acid sequences by various methods, coupling with the carrier molecule and delivery to the organism with the appropriate adjuvant. The most important advantage is that these molecules can be synthesized in the desired amount and in pure form. In various studies, vaccines prepared in this way received various levels of immune response. However, due to the absence of secondary and tertiary structures of the synthesized molecules, the immune response was low.

Introduction
Recent advances in molecular biology, biochemistry and immunology; It has made it possible to identify the antigenic structures of bacteria, viruses and parasites that cause infectious diseases and to develop vaccines that can be effective against them [1,2]. Today, antigen synthesis using chemically peptide synthesis and recombinant DNA technology has become an important technological tool in the development of new diagnostic kits [3]. Infectious agents have numerous antigenic determinants or epitopes. These are the basic structures that give the agent antigenic specificity. However, a very limited number of these structures is important for immunospecificity. In particular, it is sufficient to have one or more of these for protective immunity [4-6]. In order to synthesize protein sequences of such specific regions by DNA cloning and sequencing techniques, the selection of the regions (oligopeptides) to be used as the antigen must be made correctly [7-10]. The main methods used for this purpose:

Fragmentation of natural proteins
In this method, proteins are separated into specific regions using enzymes or chemical agents such as cyanogen bromide. Immunologically active fragments which are capable of binding to specific antibodies (monoclonal antibodies) and capable of antigen-antibody interaction are selected after separation.

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